A Study on the Consumer Satisfaction, Purchase Behaviors, and Intake Patterns among Domestic Bakery 국내 제과점에 대한 소비자 만족도 및 구매행동 및 이용실태에 관한 연구
이광석 Kwang Suck Lee , 이승범 Seung Bum Lee , 정효선 Hyo Sun Jung
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.103
Abstract
This study considered the intake patterns and realities of consumptions at bakeries in Korea. Based on a total of 442 customers obtained from empirical research, and self-administrated questionnaires were collected and analyzed by using frequency, chi-square, and one-way ANOVA. Satisfaction with the preferred bakery was shown to be in the order of taste, service, product, and price. A most considered factor in selecting the bakery was taste. The visiting frequency was shown to be the highest for 1~2 times a week. The expense per visit was shown to be ￦5,100~10,000 on average. The purchase of refreshment was shown to be the most frequent propose of visiting. The product that was mainly being purchased was the sweet dough bread. It was answered to be difficult because of failing to know to contained materials when purchasing product at bakery. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed in this study.
Determination of Ethyl Carbamate in Maesil Extract and Estimated Daily Intake 매실농축액의 에틸카바메이트 분석과 노출량 평가
최보경 Bogyoung Choi , 고은미 Eunmi Koh
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.112
Abstract
The analytical method for ethyl carbamate (EC) in maesil (Prunus mume) extract was developed with deuterium-labeled ethyl carbamate as an internal standard. Samples were neutralized with an addition of 1 N sodium hydroxide solution, followed by a solid phase extraction with a Chem Elut cartridge. A standard curve exhibited a good linearity with correlation coefficient of 0.9991. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 2.91 ng/g and 8.83 ng/g, respectively. The recovery rate of EC ranged from 91.40% to 120.90%. The precision never exceeded 12.57% (intra-day) and 11.03% (inter-day). Samples were comprised of 24 home-made and 7 commercially-available maesil extracts. Eight home-made samples contained EC at levels between 3.39 and 75.76 ng/g. Three commercially-available samples had EC at levels between 11.67 and 20.16 ng/g. Average daily intakes of EC from maesil extracts for consumers were 0.23 g/kg of body weight. Based on a benchmark dose confidence limit (BMDL10) of 0.25 mg/kg of body weight/day, the margin of exposure (MOE) of EC in maesil extract for consumers was 94,150, which is not of concern. Considering that a daily intake of maesil extract has been increasing, further studies on the formation of EC in maesil extract is needed.
The Effects of Chungkukjang Powder Supplements on the Regulation of Blood Glucose and Inflammation in Diabetic Rats 청국장 분말 첨가식이가 당뇨 쥐의 혈당과 염증조절에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Chungkukjang Powder Supplements on the Regulation of Blood Glucose and Inflammation in Diabetic Rats 청국장 분말 첨가식이가 당뇨 쥐의 혈당과 염증조절에 미치는 영향
양경미 Kyung-mi Yang
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.118
Abstract
In this study, the effect of Cheonggukjang powder were investigated on the regulation of blood glucose and inflammatory in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The experimental diet used this study were three kinds of Cheonggukjang, which were soybean Cheonggukjang, Yakkong Cheonggukjang and black foods such as black rice, black sesame seeds, and sea tangle added Yakkong Cheonggukjang powder. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups and fed experimental diets for 7 weeks; non-diabetes with normal diet group (C), diabetes with normal diet (DC), diabetes with soybean Cheonggukjang (DS), diabetes with Yakkong Cheonggukjang (DY), and diabetes with Yakkong black foods added Cheonggukjang (DYB). Blood glucose and insulin resistance of STZ-induced diabetic groups were were significantly higher than C group. But insulin levels and insulin secertory of STZ-induced diabetic groups were significantly lower than C group. However, supplementation of Yakkong or black foods added Yakkong Cheonggukjang were proven to regulation them. In diabetic group, free fatty acid level was significantly increased than C group, but this contents was significantly decreased supplementation of soybean Cheonggukjang. Leptin and adiponectin levels were significantly decreased in STZ-induced diabetic groups.
Quality Characteristics of Yanggaeng Prepared with Fermented Blueberry by Lactic Acid Bacteria 블루베리 유산균 발효물을 첨가한 양갱의 제조 및 품질특성
양수진 Su-jin Yang , 홍주헌 Joo-heon Hong
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.128
Abstract
Blueberry juice extraction (JE), hot water extract (HE), and 50% ethanol extract (EE) were fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum CGKW3. We investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidative activities of yanggaeng prepared with different amounts of fermented blueberry extract (JE, HE, EE). The viable cells in fermented HE was higher (7.49 log CFU/mL) than JE (7.28 log CFU/mL) and EE (6.99 log CFU/mL), during the fermentation period. The viable cells and acidity in yanggaeng increased significantly with increasing levels of fermented blueberry extract (p<0.05). In terms of color, the lightness and yellowness decreased significantly, but redness increased with increasing levels of fermented blueberry extract. In the texture profile analysis, control showed the highest result in hardness. Cohesiveness did not show significant differences, according to amount of fermented blueberry extract. The springiness decreased with the increasing levels of fermented blueberry extract. Antioxidant activity, which was measured by DPPH and reducing power, was significantly higher than those of control; and it increased proportionally according to the amount of fermented blueberry extract. Anthocyanin contents were increased proportionally with the increasing levels of fermented blueberry extract. Sensory evaluation showed that the color, taste, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability of yanggaeng containing the JE, HE, and EE were higher than those of the control.
Quality Characteristics and Antioxidative Activities of Rice Cookies with Rehmannia glutinosa Preparata 숙지황을 첨가한 쌀 쿠키의 품질특성 및 항산화성
신숙경 Suk Kyung Shin , 민아영 A Young Min , 김현정 Hyun Jeong Kim , 이수진 Su Jin Lee , 심은경 Eun Kyoung Sim , 이근종 Kun Jong Lee , 이보담 Bo Dam Lee , 김미리 Mee Ree Kim
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.136
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics and anti-oxidative activities in the rice cookies with R. glutinosa Preparata (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%) and bean flour (10%). The moisture of cookies was increased depending on amount of R. glutinosa Preparata (RRP). The pH of cookies with RRP was lower than that of the control cookies. Sugar content and reducing sugar of cookies were increased according to the amount of RRP. L-value and b-value of cookies with 12% RRP were lower than the control, whereas a-value was higher than the control. Spread factor of cookies with RRP was lower than the control, and hardness of cookies was increased depending on amount of RRP added. The antioxidant activity such as DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was significantly increased in the cookies with RRP, compared with that of the control. Also, total phenol content of cookies was increased according to the amount of RRP. In sensory test, cookies with 8% RRP received the highest score for overall preference. As a result, the optimum amount of RRP concentrate to be added in the cookies was found to be 8%.
Key Words
cookies, R. glutinosa Preparata, rice flour, bean flour, anti-oxidative activities
Quality Characteristics of Chiffon Cake Made with Loquat Fruits (Eriobotrya japonica) Powder 비파열매 분말을 첨가한 쉬폰 케이크의 품질 특성
The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is a plant belonging to the Rosaceae family, native to south-central China. It is cultivated in relatively warm areas such as Spain, Japan and South Korea. It is used commercially as an ornamental plant and for its yellow fruit, which contains much carotenoid, sugar and a little organic acid. In this study, chiffon cakes were prepared with the addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% loquat fruit powder (LFP) in order to invest the mixing conditions. When more LFP was added to the dough, the pH level of the dough became lower. Specific gravity and viscosity of the dough significantly increased as higher amounts of LFP were added. In baked cakes, the weight and baking loss rate of LFP were not significantly different between samples, and the height of the risen test samples were lower than that of the controls. Moisture content was 33.58% in the 12% LFP sample (12% LFPS), which was the highest of all the samples. With respect to crust color, lightness, redness and, yellowness, these significantly decreased as the amount of LFP was increased, the 12% LFP being the lowest of all the samples. Lightness and yellowness of crumbs significantly decreased as the amount of LFP was increased, whereas redness showed the reverse effect. When looking at hardness and adhesiveness, the 12% LFPS was the highest of all the samples, nevertheless a difference in resilience was not significant among the samples. According to consumer perception, bitterness was significantly increased as amounts of LFP increased, however a difference in salty, astringency and oily tastes were not significant among the samples. The 12% LFPS showed the lowest score with respect to softness and overall acceptability. In conclusion, LFP could be considered a functional material, with the optimum amount of LFP for a chiffon cake of 3~9%.
A Survey on the Ready-to-Eat Foods’ Consumption Practices of University Students and Microbiological Quality Assessment of Kimbab 대학생의 즉석섭취식품류 소비 실태와 김밥류의 미생물학적 품질 평가
A Survey on the Ready-to-Eat Foods’ Consumption Practices of University Students and Microbiological Quality Assessment of Kimbab 대학생의 즉석섭취식품류 소비 실태와 김밥류의 미생물학적 품질 평가
이진향 Jin-hyang Lee , 배현주 Hyun-joo Bae
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.153
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the consumption practices of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods and to analyze the microbiological hazard of kimbab, a Korean dish, and the most popular of the RTE foods eaten by participants in this study. A questionnaire was distributed to 230 university students who had previously purchased RTE foods, and 224 were collected (response rate: 97.4%). Statistical analyses were conducted on the questionnaires using the SPSS program, and a total of 135 kimbab products were sampled for aerobic plate counts, coliforms, E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes. The results of the analyses are as follows. Kimbab (87.0%), sandwich (86.4%), hamburger (89.8%), lunchbox (81.5%), and sushi (87.4%) were most often eaten immediately after purchasing. Additionally, the results of the microbiological hazards analysis of kimbab showed that the aerobic plate counts were significantly different according to the purchasing price (p<0.01). The coliform levels were significantly different according to the place of purchase (p<0.01) and the major ingredients of kimbab (p<0.05). In addition, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were detected in 5.9% and 5.2% of the tested samples, respectively. However, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected in any of the samples. In conclusion, the manufacturers of RTE foods should apply the HACCP system for food safety.
Key Words
ready-to-eat food, kimbab, microbiological hazard, university student, HACCP
An Evaluation of Dietary Habits and Dietary Life Competency of Elementary School Parents 초등학생 학부모의 식습관 및 식생활능력 평가
An Evaluation of Dietary Habits and Dietary Life Competency of Elementary School Parents 초등학생 학부모의 식습관 및 식생활능력 평가
김정원 Jeong-weon Kim , 이은주 Eun-ju Lee
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.162
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current status of dietary habits and dietary life competency of elementary school parents, who are influential to the dietary life of their children and family. A survey was conducted with 362 elementary school parents living in Seoul and Gyeonggi province by using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 53 questions on dietary habits, dietary life competency, home cooking frequency, and dietary education needs. The results were as follows: The scores of dietary habits and dietary life competency were 76.35 and 74.51 out of 100, respectively, suggesting a need for improvement. Parents with higher monthly income, demonstrated higher scores of both dietary habits and dietary life competency (p<0.001). As expected, female parents showed higher scores of dietary life competency than male parents (p<0.01). there was also a close relationship between the scores of dietary habits and dietary life competency (r=0.58). The parents with high scores for dietary habits and dietary life competency showed a significantly higher frequency of home cooking (p<0.001) compared to medium- or low-scored parents. Most parents answered that dietary education need to be started earlier, and that their main source of dietary life information was mass media. They also showed a preference for real experience and practice for dietary education. The above results showed that there is a close relationship between dietary habits and dietary life competency, and suggest that continuous education is necessary to improve the dietary habits and dietary life competency of elementary school parents. Because monthly income appeared to be the most influential socioeconomic factor for the parents' dietary habits and dietary life competency, continuous efforts on dietary education are necessary to reduce the score gaps in these categories.
Key Words
dietary habit, dietary life competency, elementary school parent, socioeconomic factor
The Quality Characteristics of Cookies Prepared with Agaricus blazei Murill 아가리쿠스 버섯 가루를 첨가한 쿠키의 최적화 연구
이희정 Heejeong Lee , 정희선 Hee Sun Jeong , 주나미 Nami Joo
The Quality Characteristics of Cookies Prepared with Agaricus blazei Murill 아가리쿠스 버섯 가루를 첨가한 쿠키의 최적화 연구
이희정 Heejeong Lee , 정희선 Hee Sun Jeong , 주나미 Nami Joo
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.175
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing ratio of Agaricus blazei Murill powder and butter in the preparation of cookies. The experimental design utilized herein was based on central composite design for response surface methodology, which included 10 experimental points, including 2 replicates for Agaricus blazei Murill and butter. The physical, mechanical, and sensory properties of the test were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. A canonical form and perturbation plot showed the influence of each ingredient on the final mixed product. The spread ratio increased significantly with an increase in Agaricus blazei Murill powder and butter (p<0.05). The response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the effect of Agaricus blazei Murill powder and butter on cookie moisture and color (L, a) (p<0.001). Sensory evaluation showed significant values for color (p<0.05), flavor (p<0.05), texture (p<0.05) and overall quality (p<0.01) in the predicted model. The optimum formulation by numerical and graphical methods was calculated as follows: Agaricus blazei Murill powder 3.63 g, butter 55.37 g.
Quality Characteristics of Tofu Prepared with Tomatoes and Strawberries 토마토즙과 딸기즙을 첨가한 두부의 품질특성
김미자 Mi-ja Kim , 박금순 Geum-soon Park
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.185
Abstract
This research tried to contribute to the diversification and the high quality of tofu products by adding the natural colors from tomatoes and strawberries, thus providing more attractive colors, greater antioxidative activity, and higher palatability The quality characteristics of tofu with 4%, 8%, and 12% strawberry juice and 5%, 10%, and 15% of tomato juice were analyzed. Tofu with tomato juice was found to be higher in transference number, and pH showed a significant decrease as the rate of the addition increased, The antioxidant activity of tofu with strawberry juice is 37.76~52.12%, and tofu with tomato juice is 41.79~51.51%, with tofu with tomato juice is being higher than tofu with strawberry juice in antioxidant status DPPH radical scavenging ability. In chromaticity, the L-value and b-value showed significant decreases as tomato juice was added and when strawberry juice are was added and the values increased. In texture, the hardness of tofu with tomato juice was found to be significantly more solid than tofu with strawberry juice. For the test of springiness, the order was as follows: control group> tomato juice 5%> tomato juice 10%. The result of the organoleptic test of tofu showed, tofu with tomato juice to be significantly brighter in exterior color than tofu with strawberry juice (p<0.001), in for savory flavor, the result shows that tofu with 12% strawberry juice added and that with 10% tomato juice added had better flavor. For the test of beany flavor, the control group is higher than tofu with strawberry juice and tomato juice, and tofu with 10% of tomato juice added was lowest in beany flavor. In the preference investigation, tofu with 10% tomato juice showed the highest preference after swallowing and in overall status.
Key Words
tomato, strawberry, tofu, quality characteristics
Tourists’ Intentions to Consume Jeju’s Local Foods and Opinions for Tourism Resource Development 제주 관광객의 향토음식 섭취의사 및 관광 상품화를 위한 의견조사
Tourists’ Intentions to Consume Jeju’s Local Foods and Opinions for Tourism Resource Development 제주 관광객의 향토음식 섭취의사 및 관광 상품화를 위한 의견조사
안소정 So-jung Ahn , 윤지영 Ji-young Yoon
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.193
Abstract
According to the definition of ‘native local food’, Jeju has combined its regional specialty products with its own cooking method. It has almost four-hundred kinds, which reflects regional specialty and diversity, yet it is not very well-known. Thus, this present study provides basic research information through the investigation of tourist awareness, intention to consume, drawbacks, development necessity and direction of development of Jeju local foods. The survey was conducted with 295 domestic tourists who had visited Jeju in the last 10 years. In response to a question asked about the consciousness of Jeju local foods, 67.8% of respondents chose average, indicating a relatively high cause for concern. Intention to consume averaged 3.26, which was higher than tourist awareness, having an average of 2.60. Furthermore, local food interest and demographic characteristics of respondents were found to have an influence on tourist awareness and intention to consume. 87.8% of respondents answered above average with respect to the drawbacks of Jeju’s local foods and development necessity and direction, with the main drawbacks being lack of PR (43.1%) and high price (39.0%). The priority of most respondents was the quality and taste of the food (50.8%). Based on the results of this study, if tourist awareness can be effectively increased, an escalation in intent to consume will follow, naturally promoting the consumption of Jeju’s local foods. Consequentially, for tourism commercialization, the quality and taste of the foods have to be improved in addition to the gain in popularity through efficient PR methods.
Key Words
Jeju, local foods, tourist, intention to consume, tourism resource
Investigation on the Use of Gums in Korean Processed Foods 국내 가공식품 중 검질의 사용 현황
Investigation on the Use of Gums in Korean Processed Foods 국내 가공식품 중 검질의 사용 현황
서정희 Jeonghee Surh , 고은미 Eunmi Koh
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.200
Abstract
The use of gums in processed foods manufactured in Korea was investigated in this study. The information about gums added to each food was collected from the ingredient claimed on the food packaging. A total of 272 food items were found to use gums as a thickener, stabilizer, and/or emulsifier. Among them, carrageenan was the most frequently found in 110 items (40%), followed by xanthan gum in 87 items (32%), guar gum in 67 items (25%), arabic gum in 50 items (18%), and gellan gum in 28 items (10%). Application of more than two different gums to food items was also observed, presumably based on the synergistic interaction between gums for a specific physical property. Of nine food categories classified by the Korea Food Code, gums were used most frequently in beverages, noodles, and meat products. Foods for children which include confectioneries, beverages, and chocolates were found to frequently use arabic gum, carrageenan, xanthan gum, guar gum, or gellan gum. These results indicate that gums have been widely using in a variety of Korean processed foods in order to improve their physical properties. Considering potential health concern of some gums such as carrageenan, further study to estimate daily intake of gum is needed.
Antioxidative and Anti-Diabetes Activity, and Free Amino Acid and Mineral Contents of Beverage with Gugija (Lycii fructus) Extracts 구기자 추출물 함유 음료의 산화방지활성, 항당뇨효과, 유리아미노산과 무기질 함량
Antioxidative and Anti-Diabetes Activity, and Free Amino Acid and Mineral Contents of Beverage with Gugija (Lycii fructus) Extracts 구기자 추출물 함유 음료의 산화방지활성, 항당뇨효과, 유리아미노산과 무기질 함량
이경애 Kyong-ae Lee
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.207
Abstract
Free amino acid and mineral analysis of beverages with Gugija (Lycii fructus) extracts performed to determine the antioxidative and anti-diabetes activities of the beverages. The four major free amino acids in the water- or ethanol-extracts of the Gugija beverages were asparagine (115.23, 51.95 mg%), methionine (20.02, 22.07 mg%), aspartic acid (19.65, 13.72 mg%) and taurine (18.64, 22.44 mg%). The mineral contents of the Gugija beverages with water- and ethanol-extracts were in the order K>Mg>Na>Ca>Zn>Fe. Antioxidant activity determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. There was no significant difference in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities between the water-extract beverages and the ethanol-extract beverages, although more phenolics and flavonoids were found in the ethanol-extract beverage. Higher anti-α-glucosidase activity was observed in the ethanol-extract beverage compared to acabose, which was used as the control and is an inhibitor of α-glucosidase, suggesting that the Gugija beverage with ethanol extract could be a potential hypoglycemic agent.
Dietary Quality and Foodservice Menu Pattern of American International Schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi Area 서울ㆍ경기지역 외국인학교 급식 메뉴패턴과 식사의 질 평가
김옥선 Ok-sun Kim , 이영은 Young-eun Lee
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.214
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the combination of foods and foodservice menu patterns, food supply rankings and dietary quality through the a collection of school menus from the fifth week of October 2009, up to the fourth week of November 2009, in three American international schools in Korea. The results of analysis were as follows. For the basic pattern of American international school foodservice menu, dietary patterns comprised of rice, soup, five side dishes, Kimchi and snacks were 23.19%, while menu pattern comprised of rice, soup, four side dishes, Kimchi and snacks were 18.84%. The two dietary patterns accounted for 42.03%. For the foodservice frequency and food rankings from No. 1 to No. 5, vegetables and seasoned vegetables were the highest, followed by cooked rice, Kimchi, soup, and stir-fried foods. For nutrients, the intake ratio of carbohydrates, protein and fat for the calories provided at the three schools was 57:18:24, 53:18:29, and 55:18:27. Compared with 55~70:7~20:15~25 according to by Korean nutrition standards, carbohydrates and protein were adequate, but fat was high. For the recommended nutrient intake (RNI), the provided nutrient ratio was higher than the RI of nutrition standards in schools. For the average nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), all three schools were above 1. School C had an above-average ratio for vitamin B-complex and vitamin A. Phosphorus showed a significant difference in the nutrient density. For DDS, school C provided all five main food groups every day.
Key Words
dietary quality, foodservice, dietary pattern, international school
Awareness, Practice, and Obstruction of Sodium Reduction by Middle School Dietitians in Busan Area 부산지역 중학교 영양(교)사의 나트륨 저감화에 대한 인식, 실천 및 방해요인 조사
Awareness, Practice, and Obstruction of Sodium Reduction by Middle School Dietitians in Busan Area 부산지역 중학교 영양(교)사의 나트륨 저감화에 대한 인식, 실천 및 방해요인 조사
하인해 In-hae Ha , 류은순 Eun-soon Lyu
DOI:10.9724/kfcs.2015.31.2.225
Abstract
The objective of this study was to expand sodium reduction practices by analyzing the awareness, practice, and obstruction of sodium reduction by middle school dietitians. Questionnaires were administered to 146 dietitians in the Busan area. The average score for the dietitians’ awareness of low-sodium diets was 4.21/5.00, and dietitians in their 30s and over 40 reported significantly (p<0.05) higher awareness than those in their 20s The average practice scores for low-sodium diets was 3.74/5.00, 3.80/5.00 for cooking, 3.77/5.00 for food choice, and 3.60/5.00 for action. The average scores of obstruction for low-sodium diets was 3.58/5.00, 3.93/5.00 for low-sodium products, 3.88/5.00 for students, 3.71/5.00 for dietitians, 3.12/5.00 for facilities, 2.86/5.00 for cooks. Dietitians over 40 and those with graduate school degrees had significantly (p<0.05) higher scores for low-sodium products. Regarding practice and obstruction for low-sodium diets, dietitians with high awareness scores had significantly (p<0.01) higher scores for practice and lower scores for obstruction of low-sodium diets. These findings suggest that it is critical to develop diverse low-sodium products and recipes, and that dietitians should educate students about the necessity and the practice of reduced sodium diets.
